Raymon Millien [1] estima que 63% das patentes concedidas em 2020 pelo USPTO envolvem de alguma forma software.
A metodologia usada por Millien é baseada em estudo da GAO (United States Government Accountability Office) de 2013 que ainda se baseava nas classificações da UCLA. No gráfico se observa que em 2010 e 2011 o número de software related patents é de 50% dos total de patentes concedidas [2].
A lista de classes utilizada é a mesma que aparece em estudo de Stuart Graham and Saurabh Vishnubhakat onde aparecem mais de 50 classificações da UCLA [3]. A antiga classificação UCLA [4] possui uma correlação bastante pulverizada com a IPC o que dificulta a conversão [5].
Yu Kai Lin [12] estima as patentes relacionadas a software usando a metodologia de Hall e Macgarvie, combinando classificação e palavras chaves e conclui que para 2018 temos aproximadamente 50% das patentes relacionadas a software.
Rainer Frietsch em estudo de 2015 utiliza uma complexa metodologia que combina classificação e palavras chaves para analisar os dados da EPO [6]
Graham e Mowery em estudo de 2003 [7] utiliza um total de 11 classificações na IPC para avaliar as patentes relativas a software. Os dados mostram um percentual de apenas 4% do total, quando na mesma época Millien estimava em torno de 30%, ou seja, o uso apenas destas 11 classificações restringe bastante o dado quanto ao total de patentes relativas a software, em grande parte porque todo setor de telecomunicações não é contemplado nesta busca.
G06F Electric Digital Data Processing: 3/ Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer. 5/ Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled. 7/ Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled. 9/ Arrangements for programme control. 11/ Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring. 12/ Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures. 13/ Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units. 15/ Digital computers in general. G06K Recognition of Data; Presentation of Data; Record Carriers; Handling Record Carriers 9/ Methods or arrangements for reading or recognizing printed or written characters or for recognizing patterns. 15/ Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data. H04L Electric Communication Technique 9/ Arrangements for secret or secure communication.
- ISD/1/1/2000->12/31/2000 AND APT/1
- AND SPEC/(software OR (computer AND program)) ANDNOT TTL/(chip OR semiconductor OR bus OR circuit OR circuitry) ANDNOT SPEC/(antigen or antigenic OR chromatography)
Para obter o total de patentes no ano:
- ISD/1/1/2000->12/31/2000 AND APT/1
[1] MILLIEN, Raymond. Seven Years After Alice, 63.2% of the U.S. Patents Issued in 2020 were Software-Related, mar/2021 https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/03/17/seven-years-after-alice-63-2-of-the-u-s-patents-issued-in-2020-were-software-related/id=130978/
[2] GAO, Assessing Factors That Affect Patent Infringement Litigation Could Help Improve Patent Quality, GAO-13-465, 2013. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-13-465.pdf
[3] GRAHAM, Stuart; VISHNUBHAKAT, Saurabh. Of Smart Phone Wars and Software Patents. Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 27, Number 1—Winter 2013—Pages 67–86 https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.27.1.67
[4] http://www.patentec.com/data/class/Classes.html
[5] https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/USPC-IPC_Correspondence/3502742
[6] FRIETSCH, Rainer et. al. The economic impacts of computer-implemented inventions at the European Patent Office, Fraunhofer, 2015 https://www.4ipcouncil.com/application/files/1314/5277/3742/Economic_impact_of_CII_at_EPO.pdf
[7] GRAHAM, Stewart; MOWERY, David. Intellectual property protection in the US software industry. In: Patents in the knowledge based economy 219, Wesley M. Cohen & Stephen A. Merill eds, 2003 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.6776&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[8] DALLIMORE, Geoff, 2007 File:US granted software patents.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_granted_software_patents.png
[9] http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm
[10] MCQUEEN, Douglas. Growth of software related patents in different countries. Technovation Volume 25, Issue 6, June 2005, Pages 657-671 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166497203001950
[11] HALL, Bronwyn; MACGARVIE, Megan. the private value of software patents, Cambridge, 2006, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w12195/w12195.pdf
[12] Lin, Yu-Kai and Rai, Arun, Patent Protection and Software Innovation: Evidence from Alice (September 9, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3703055 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3703055
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